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Name	Size	Permission	Date
%60-i.ri	620 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
Array-i.ri	441 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
BigDecimal-i.ri	171 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
Complex-i.ri	235 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
Float-i.ri	551 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
Integer-i.ri	1.13 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
JSON-i.ri	565 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
Pathname-i.ri	302 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
Rational-i.ri	237 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
String-i.ri	475 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
URI-c.ri	224 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
URI-i.ri	224 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
__callee__-i.ri	365 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
__method__-i.ri	365 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
abort-i.ri	399 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
at_exit-i.ri	735 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
autoload%3f-i.ri	422 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
autoload-i.ri	523 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
binding-i.ri	650 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
block_given%3f-i.ri	716 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
callcc-i.ri	843 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
caller-i.ri	1.08 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
catch-i.ri	1.21 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
cdesc-Kernel.ri	2.01 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
chomp-i.ri	389 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
chop-i.ri	380 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
eval-i.ri	857 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
exec-i.ri	2.04 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
exit%21-i.ri	442 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
exit-i.ri	1.36 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
fail-i.ri	1.06 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
fork-i.ri	1.17 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
format-i.ri	12.75 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
gem-i.ri	1.44 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
gem_original_require-i.ri	280 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
gets-i.ri	1.44 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
global_variables-i.ri	408 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
gsub-i.ri	428 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
iterator%3f-i.ri	710 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
j-i.ri	281 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
jj-i.ri	297 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
lambda-i.ri	343 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
load-i.ri	722 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
local_variables-i.ri	442 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
loop-i.ri	582 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
open-c.ri	4.2 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
open-i.ri	4.19 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
open_uri_original_open-c.ri	185 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
open_uri_original_open-i.ri	184 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
p-i.ri	583 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
pp-c.ri	273 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
pp-i.ri	273 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
pretty_inspect-i.ri	238 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
print-i.ri	885 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
printf-i.ri	426 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
proc-i.ri	248 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
psych_y-i.ri	193 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
putc-i.ri	387 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
puts-i.ri	305 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
raise-i.ri	1.06 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
rand-i.ri	1.22 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
readline-i.ri	380 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
readlines-i.ri	404 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
require-i.ri	1.65 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
require_relative-i.ri	466 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
scanf-i.ri	418 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
select-i.ri	1.82 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
set_trace_func-i.ri	1.86 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
sleep-i.ri	815 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
spawn-i.ri	11.41 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
sprintf-i.ri	12.75 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
srand-i.ri	754 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
sub-i.ri	433 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
syscall-i.ri	1.45 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
system-i.ri	1.31 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
test-i.ri	3.01 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
throw-i.ri	543 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
trace_var-i.ri	944 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
trap-i.ri	1.45 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
untrace_var-i.ri	486 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
warn-i.ri	340 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26
y-i.ri	161 B	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 17:26

Rename

U:RDoc::AnyMethod[iI"
spawn:ETI"Kernel#spawn;FF:publico:RDoc::Markup::Document:@parts[Wo:RDoc::Markup::Paragraph;	[I"9spawn executes specified command and return its pid.;To:RDoc::Markup::BlankLine�o;
;	[I"5This method doesn't wait for end of the command.;TI"The parent process should;TI"-use <code>Process.wait</code> to collect;TI"+the termination status of its child or;TI"0use <code>Process.detach</code> to register;TI"!disinterest in their status;;TI"Eotherwise, the operating system may accumulate zombie processes.;T@o;
;	[I">spawn has bunch of options to specify process attributes:;T@o:RDoc::Markup::Verbatim;	[3I"env: hash
;FI"2  name => val : set the environment variable
;FI"4  name => nil : unset the environment variable
;FI"command...:
;FI"_  commandline                 : command line string which is passed to the standard shell
;FI"W  cmdname, arg1, ...          : command name and one or more arguments (no shell)
;FI"a  [cmdname, argv0], arg1, ... : command name, argv[0] and zero or more arguments (no shell)
;FI"options: hash
;FI"'  clearing environment variables:
;FI"Z    :unsetenv_others => true   : clear environment variables except specified by env
;FI"<    :unsetenv_others => false  : don't clear (default)
;FI"  process group:
;FI"9    :pgroup => true or 0 : make a new process group
;FI"@    :pgroup => pgid      : join to specified process group
;FI"I    :pgroup => nil       : don't change the process group (default)
;FI".  create new process group: Windows only
;FI"[    :new_pgroup => true  : the new process is the root process of a new process group
;FI"K    :new_pgroup => false : don't create a new process group (default)
;FI"U  resource limit: resourcename is core, cpu, data, etc.  See Process.setrlimit.
;FI"'    :rlimit_resourcename => limit
;FI"8    :rlimit_resourcename => [cur_limit, max_limit]
;FI"  current directory:
;FI"    :chdir => str
;FI"  umask:
;FI"    :umask => int
;FI"  redirection:
;FI"    key:
;FI"E      FD              : single file descriptor in child process
;FI"G      [FD, FD, ...]   : multiple file descriptor in child process
;FI"    value:
;FI"Y      FD                        : redirect to the file descriptor in parent process
;FI"V      string                    : redirect to file with open(string, "r" or "w")
;FI"X      [string]                  : redirect to file with open(string, File::RDONLY)
;FI"[      [string, open_mode]       : redirect to file with open(string, open_mode, 0644)
;FI"[      [string, open_mode, perm] : redirect to file with open(string, open_mode, perm)
;FI"R      [:child, FD]              : redirect to the redirected file descriptor
;FI"R      :close                    : close the file descriptor in child process
;FI"    FD is one of follows
;FI"G      :in     : the file descriptor 0 which is the standard input
;FI"H      :out    : the file descriptor 1 which is the standard output
;FI"G      :err    : the file descriptor 2 which is the standard error
;FI"B      integer : the file descriptor of specified the integer
;FI"@      io      : the file descriptor specified as io.fileno
;FI"`  file descriptor inheritance: close non-redirected non-standard fds (3, 4, 5, ...) or not
;FI"L    :close_others => false : inherit fds (default for system and exec)
;FI"Q    :close_others => true  : don't inherit (default for spawn and IO.popen)
;Fo;
;	[I"4If a hash is given as +env+, the environment is;TI"Gupdated by +env+ before <code>exec(2)</code> in the child process.;TI"FIf a pair in +env+ has nil as the value, the variable is deleted.;T@o;;	[I"%# set FOO as BAR and unset BAZ.
;FI"6pid = spawn({"FOO"=>"BAR", "BAZ"=>nil}, command)
;Fo;
;	[I"%If a hash is given as +options+,;TI"it specifies;TI"process group,;TI"create new process group,;TI"resource limit,;TI"current directory,;TI"umask and;TI"%redirects for the child process.;TI">Also, it can be specified to clear environment variables.;T@o;
;	[I"AThe <code>:unsetenv_others</code> key in +options+ specifies;TI"Cto clear environment variables, other than specified by +env+.;T@o;;	[I"Lpid = spawn(command, :unsetenv_others=>true) # no environment variable
;FI"Mpid = spawn({"FOO"=>"BAR"}, command, :unsetenv_others=>true) # FOO only
;Fo;
;	[
I"IThe <code>:pgroup</code> key in +options+ specifies a process group.;TI"FThe corresponding value should be true, zero or positive integer.;TI"Htrue and zero means the process should be a process leader of a new;TI"process group.;TI":Other values specifies a process group to be belongs.;T@o;;	[I":pid = spawn(command, :pgroup=>true) # process leader
;FI"Ipid = spawn(command, :pgroup=>10) # belongs to the process group 10
;Fo;
;	[I"DThe <code>:new_pgroup</code> key in +options+ specifies to pass;TI"M+CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP+ flag to <code>CreateProcessW()</code> that is;TI"2Windows API. This option is only for Windows.;TI"Mtrue means the new process is the root process of the new process group.;TI"DThe new process has CTRL+C disabled. This flag is necessary for;TI"?<code>Process.kill(:SIGINT, pid)</code> on the subprocess.;TI"%:new_pgroup is false by default.;T@o;;	[I"Bpid = spawn(command, :new_pgroup=>true)  # new process group
;FI"Cpid = spawn(command, :new_pgroup=>false) # same process group
;Fo;
;	[
I"JThe <code>:rlimit_</code><em>foo</em> key specifies a resource limit.;TI"L<em>foo</em> should be one of resource types such as <code>core</code>.;TI"OThe corresponding value should be an integer or an array which have one or;TI"@two integers: same as cur_limit and max_limit arguments for;TI"Process.setrlimit.;T@o;;	[	I")cur, max = Process.getrlimit(:CORE)
;FI"Kpid = spawn(command, :rlimit_core=>[0,max]) # disable core temporary.
;FI"@pid = spawn(command, :rlimit_core=>max) # enable core dump
;FI">pid = spawn(command, :rlimit_core=>0) # never dump core.
;Fo;
;	[I"NThe <code>:chdir</code> key in +options+ specifies the current directory.;T@o;;	[I".pid = spawn(command, :chdir=>"/var/tmp")
;Fo;
;	[I"BThe <code>:umask</code> key in +options+ specifies the umask.;T@o;;	[I"'pid = spawn(command, :umask=>077)
;Fo;
;	[I"SThe :in, :out, :err, a fixnum, an IO and an array key specifies a redirection.;TI"AThe redirection maps a file descriptor in the child process.;T@o;
;	[I">For example, stderr can be merged into stdout as follows:;T@o;;	[	I"&pid = spawn(command, :err=>:out)
;FI" pid = spawn(command, 2=>1)
;FI"(pid = spawn(command, STDERR=>:out)
;FI"*pid = spawn(command, STDERR=>STDOUT)
;Fo;
;	[I".The hash keys specifies a file descriptor;TI"8in the child process started by <code>spawn</code>.;TI"E:err, 2 and STDERR specifies the standard error stream (stderr).;T@o;
;	[I"0The hash values specifies a file descriptor;TI"<in the parent process which invokes <code>spawn</code>.;TI"F:out, 1 and STDOUT specifies the standard output stream (stdout).;T@o;
;	[I"In the above example,;TI"?the standard output in the child process is not specified.;TI"0So it is inherited from the parent process.;T@o;
;	[I"LThe standard input stream (stdin) can be specified by :in, 0 and STDIN.;T@o;
;	[I"1A filename can be specified as a hash value.;T@o;;	[	I"8pid = spawn(command, :in=>"/dev/null") # read mode
;FI":pid = spawn(command, :out=>"/dev/null") # write mode
;FI"4pid = spawn(command, :err=>"log") # write mode
;FI"6pid = spawn(command, 3=>"/dev/null") # read mode
;Fo;
;	[I"For stdout and stderr,;TI" it is opened in write mode.;TI"!Otherwise read mode is used.;T@o;
;	[I"EFor specifying flags and permission of file creation explicitly,;TI"an array is used instead.;T@o;;	[
I"@pid = spawn(command, :in=>["file"]) # read mode is assumed
;FI".pid = spawn(command, :in=>["file", "r"])
;FI"=pid = spawn(command, :out=>["log", "w"]) # 0644 assumed
;FI"4pid = spawn(command, :out=>["log", "w", 0600])
;FI"Tpid = spawn(command, :out=>["log", File::WRONLY|File::EXCL|File::CREAT, 0600])
;Fo;
;	[
I":The array specifies a filename, flags and permission.;TI"-The flags can be a string or an integer.;TI"=If the flags is omitted or nil, File::RDONLY is assumed.;TI")The permission should be an integer.;TI":If the permission is omitted or nil, 0644 is assumed.;T@o;
;	[I"AIf an array of IOs and integers are specified as a hash key,;TI"%all the elements are redirected.;T@o;;	[I"4# stdout and stderr is redirected to log file.
;FI"+# The file "log" is opened just once.
;FI"6pid = spawn(command, [:out, :err]=>["log", "w"])
;Fo;
;	[I"DAnother way to merge multiple file descriptors is [:child, fd].;TI"B\[:child, fd] means the file descriptor in the child process.;TI"This is different from fd.;TI"MFor example, :err=>:out means redirecting child stderr to parent stdout.;TI"MBut :err=>[:child, :out] means redirecting child stderr to child stdout.;TI"JThey differs if stdout is redirected in the child process as follows.;T@o;;	[I"4# stdout and stderr is redirected to log file.
;FI"+# The file "log" is opened just once.
;FI"Dpid = spawn(command, :out=>["log", "w"], :err=>[:child, :out])
;Fo;
;	[I"I\[:child, :out] can be used to merge stderr into stdout in IO.popen.;TI"KIn this case, IO.popen redirects stdout to a pipe in the child process;TI"5and [:child, :out] refers the redirected stdout.;T@o;;	[I"Qio = IO.popen(["sh", "-c", "echo out; echo err >&2", :err=>[:child, :out]])
;FI" p io.read #=> "out\nerr\n"
;Fo;
;	[
I"Fspawn closes all non-standard unspecified descriptors by default.;TI"/The "standard" descriptors are 0, 1 and 2.;TI"8This behavior is specified by :close_others option.;TI"D:close_others doesn't affect the standard descriptors which are;TI"3closed only if :close is specified explicitly.;T@o;;	[I"Lpid = spawn(command, :close_others=>true)  # close 3,4,5,... (default)
;FI"Hpid = spawn(command, :close_others=>false) # don't close 3,4,5,...
;Fo;
;	[I"=:close_others is true by default for spawn and IO.popen.;T@o;
;	[I"2So IO.pipe and spawn can be used as IO.popen.;T@o;;	[	I"(# similar to r = IO.popen(command)
;FI"r, w = IO.pipe
;FI"Lpid = spawn(command, :out=>w)   # r, w is closed in the child process.
;FI"
w.close
;Fo;
;	[I"D:close is specified as a hash value to close a fd individually.;T@o;;	[I"f = open(foo)
;FI":system(command, f=>:close)        # don't inherit f.
;Fo;
;	[I"/If a file descriptor need to be inherited,;TI"io=>io can be used.;T@o;;	[I"9# valgrind has --log-fd option for log destination.
;FI"F# log_w=>log_w indicates log_w.fileno inherits to child process.
;FI"log_r, log_w = IO.pipe
;FI"Tpid = spawn("valgrind", "--log-fd=#{log_w.fileno}", "echo", "a", log_w=>log_w)
;FI"log_w.close
;FI"p log_r.read
;Fo;
;	[I"6It is also possible to exchange file descriptors.;T@o;;	[I"2pid = spawn(command, :out=>:err, :err=>:out)
;Fo;
;	[
I"AThe hash keys specify file descriptors in the child process.;TI"FThe hash values specifies file descriptors in the parent process.;TI"9So the above specifies exchanging stdout and stderr.;TI"MInternally, +spawn+ uses an extra file descriptor to resolve such cyclic;TI"file descriptor mapping.;T@o;
;	[I"9See <code>Kernel.exec</code> for the standard shell.;T:
@file0I"lspawn([env,] command... [,options])     -> pid
Process.spawn([env,] command... [,options])     -> pid
 ;T0[�I"(*args);FI"process.c;T