Gecko [ beriskala.com ]

Name	Size	Permission	Date
ACL	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Abbrev	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Addrinfo	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
ArgumentError	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Array	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Base64	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
BasicObject	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
BasicSocket	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Benchmark	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
BigDecimal	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
BigMath	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
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Binding	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
CGI	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
CMath	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
CSV	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Class	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
ClosedQueueError	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Comparable	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Complex	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
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Continuation	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Coverage	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
DBM	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
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DEBUGGER__	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
DRb	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Data	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Date	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
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Digest	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Dir	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
ENV	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
EOFError	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
ERB	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
EXCEPTION_TYPE	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Encoding	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
EncodingError	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
English	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Enumerable	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Enumerator	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Errno	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Etc	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Exception	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Exception2MessageMapper	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
FalseClass	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Fcntl	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Fiber	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
FiberError	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Fiddle	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
File	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
FileTest	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
FileUtils	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Find	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Fixnum	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Float	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
FloatDomainError	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Forwardable	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
GC	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
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GDBMError	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
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Gem	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
GetoptLong	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
HTTPMovedTemporarily	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
HTTPMultipleChoice	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
HTTPRequestURITooLarge	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Hash	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
IO	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
IOError	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
IPAddr	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
IPSocket	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
IRB	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
IndexError	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Integer	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Interrupt	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
JSON	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Jacobian	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Kconv	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Kernel	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
KeyError	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
LUSolve	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
LoadError	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
LocalJumpError	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Logger	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
MakeMakefile	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Marshal	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
MatchData	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Math	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Matrix	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Method	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Module	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Monitor	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
MonitorMixin	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Mutex_m	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
NKF	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
NQXML	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
NameError	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Net	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Newton	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
NilClass	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
NoMemoryError	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
NoMethodError	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
NotImplementedError	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Numeric	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
OLEProperty	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Object	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
ObjectSpace	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Observable	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Open3	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
OpenSSL	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
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OptionParser	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
PP	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
PStore	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
PTY	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Pathname	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
PrettyPrint	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Prime	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Proc	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Process	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Profiler__	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Psych	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Queue	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
RDoc	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
RDocTask	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
REXML	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
RSS	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Racc	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Rake	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Random	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Range	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
RangeError	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Rational	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Readline	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Regexp	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
RegexpError	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Resolv	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Rinda	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Ripper	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
RubyLex	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
RubyToken	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
RubyVM	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
RuntimeError	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
SDBM	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
SDBMError	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
SOCKSSocket	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Scanf	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
ScriptError	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
SecureRandom	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
SecurityError	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Set	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Shell	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Shellwords	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Signal	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
SignalException	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
SimpleDelegator	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Singleton	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
SizedQueue	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Socket	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
SocketError	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
SortedSet	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
StandardError	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
StopIteration	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
String	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
StringIO	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
StringScanner	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Struct	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Symbol	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Sync	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Sync_m	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Synchronizer	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Synchronizer_m	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
SyntaxError	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Syslog	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
SystemCallError	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
SystemExit	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
SystemStackError	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
TCPServer	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
TCPSocket	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
TSort	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
TempIO	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Tempfile	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Test	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
ThWait	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Thread	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
ThreadError	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
ThreadGroup	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
ThreadsWait	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Time	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Timeout	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
TracePoint	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Tracer	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
TrueClass	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
TypeError	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
UDPSocket	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
UNIXServer	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
UNIXSocket	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
URI	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
UnboundMethod	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
UncaughtThrowError	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
UnicodeNormalize	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Vector	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
WEBrick	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
WIN32OLE	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
WIN32OLERuntimeError	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
WIN32OLE_EVENT	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
WIN32OLE_METHOD	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
WIN32OLE_PARAM	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
WIN32OLE_RECORD	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
WIN32OLE_TYPE	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
WIN32OLE_TYPELIB	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
WIN32OLE_VARIABLE	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
WIN32OLE_VARIANT	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
WeakRef	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
XML	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
XMLEncoding_ja	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
XMLRPC	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
XMP	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
YAML	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
ZeroDivisionError	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
Zlib	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
fatal	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
lib	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
syntax	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
unknown	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-05-01 04:23
cache.ri	376.97 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 18:09
created.rid	55.53 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 18:09
page-ChangeLog-0_60_to_1_1.ri	181.6 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 18:09
page-ChangeLog-1_8_0.ri	1.01 MB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 18:09
page-ChangeLog-1_9_3.ri	3.89 MB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 18:09
page-ChangeLog-2_0_0.ri	1.05 MB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 18:09
page-ChangeLog-2_1_0.ri	791.27 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 18:09
page-ChangeLog-2_2_0.ri	531.92 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 18:09
page-ChangeLog-YARV.ri	226.2 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 18:09
page-ChangeLog.ri	654.77 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 18:09
page-NEWS-1_8_7.ri	22.04 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 18:09
page-NEWS-1_9_1.ri	17.56 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 18:09
page-NEWS-1_9_2.ri	20.67 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 18:09
page-NEWS-1_9_3.ri	14.91 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 18:09
page-NEWS-2_0_0.ri	26.06 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 18:09
page-NEWS-2_1_0.ri	18.2 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 18:09
page-NEWS-2_2_0.ri	13.69 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 18:09
page-NEWS.ri	18.45 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 18:09
page-README_md.ri	7.11 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 18:09
page-contributing_rdoc.ri	23.04 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 18:09
page-contributors_rdoc.ri	24.97 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 18:09
page-dtrace_probes_rdoc.ri	8.65 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 18:09
page-extension_ja_rdoc.ri	82.82 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 18:09
page-extension_rdoc.ri	70.58 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 18:09
page-globals_rdoc.ri	5.29 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 18:09
page-keywords_rdoc.ri	6.07 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 18:09
page-maintainers_rdoc.ri	11.97 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 18:09
page-marshal_rdoc.ri	14.16 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 18:09
page-regexp_rdoc.ri	33.88 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 18:09
page-security_rdoc.ri	7.66 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 18:09
page-standard_library_rdoc.ri	9.9 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 18:09
page-syntax_rdoc.ri	1.63 KB	-rw-r--r--	2023-07-26 18:09

Rename

U:RDoc::TopLevel[	i�I"security.rdoc:EFcRDoc::Parser::Simpleo:RDoc::Markup::Document:@parts[[S:RDoc::Markup::Heading:
leveli:	textI"Ruby Security;To:RDoc::Markup::BlankLine�o:RDoc::Markup::Paragraph;[I"TThe Ruby programming language is large and complex and there are many security ;TI"Lpitfalls often encountered by newcomers and experienced Rubyists alike.;T@
o;
;[I"RThis document aims to discuss many of these pitfalls and provide more secure ;TI"#alternatives where applicable.;T@
o;
;[I"UPlease check the full list of publicly known CVEs and how to correctly report a ;TI"Gsecurity vulnerability, at: http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/security/ ;TI"DJapanese version is here: http://www.ruby-lang.org/ja/security/;T@
o;
;[	I"ASecurity vulnerabilities should be reported via an email to ;TI"4mailto:security@ruby-lang.org ({the PGP public ;TI"Tkey}[http://www.ruby-lang.org/security.asc]), which is a private mailing list. ;TI"5Reported problems will be published after fixes.;T@
S;	;
i;I"<code>$SAFE</code>;T@
o;
;[I"TRuby provides a mechanism to restrict what operations can be performed by Ruby ;TI"9code in the form of the <code>$SAFE</code> variable.;T@
o;
;[I"UHowever, <code>$SAFE</code> does not provide a secure environment for executing ;TI"untrusted code.;T@
o;
;[	I"UIf you need to execute untrusted code, you should use an operating system level ;TI"Jsandboxing mechanism. On Linux, ptrace or LXC can be used to sandbox ;TI"Opotentially malicious code. Other similar mechanisms exist on every major ;TI"operating system.;T@
S;	;
i;I"+Marshal.load+;T@
o;
;[I"URuby's +Marshal+ module provides methods for serializing and deserializing Ruby ;TI"3object trees to and from a binary data format.;T@
o;
;[	I"NNever use +Marshal.load+ to deserialize untrusted or user supplied data. ;TI"NBecause +Marshal+ can deserialize to almost any Ruby object and has full ;TI"Rcontrol over instance variables, it is possible to craft a malicious payload ;TI"6that executes code shortly after deserialization.;T@
o;
;[	I"RIf you need to deserialize untrusted data, you should use JSON as it is only ;TI"Ucapable of returning 'primitive' types such as strings, arrays, hashes, numbers ;TI"Oand nil. If you need to deserialize other classes, you should handle this ;TI";manually. Never deserialize to a user specified class.;T@
S;	;
i;I"	YAML;T@
o;
;[I"RYAML is a popular human readable data serialization format used by many Ruby ;TI"Nprograms for configuration and database persistence of Ruby object trees.;T@
o;
;[I"RSimilar to +Marshal+, it is able to deserialize into arbitrary Ruby classes. ;TI"KFor example, the following YAML data will create an +ERB+ object when ;TI"deserialized:;T@
o:RDoc::Markup::Verbatim;[I"!ruby/object:ERB
;TI"src: puts `uname`
;T:@format0o;
;[I"RBecause of this, many of the security considerations applying to Marshal are ;TI"Lalso applicable to YAML. Do not use YAML to deserialize untrusted data.;T@
S;	;
i;I"Symbols;T@
o;
;[
I"USymbols are often seen as syntax sugar for simple strings, but they play a much ;TI"Pmore crucial role. The MRI Ruby implementation uses Symbols internally for ;TI"Rmethod, variable and constant names. The reason for this is that symbols are ;TI"Ssimply integers with names attached to them, so they are faster to look up in ;TI"hashtables.;T@
o;
;[I"OStarting in version 2.2, most symbols can be garbage collected; these are ;TI"Lcalled <i>mortal</i> symbols. Most symbols you create (e.g. by calling ;TI"+to_sym+) are mortal.;T@
o;
;[I"P<i>Immortal</i> symbols on the other hand will never be garbage collected. ;TI"*They are created when modifying code:;To:RDoc::Markup::List:
@type:BULLET:@items[o:RDoc::Markup::ListItem:@label0;[o;
;[I"3defining a method (e.g. with +define_method+),;To;;0;[o;
;[I"Fsetting an instance variable (e.g. with +instance_variable_set+),;To;;0;[o;
;[I"<creating a variable or constant (e.g. with +const_set+);To;
;[	I"LC extensions that have not been updated and are still calling `SYM2ID` ;TI"#will create immortal symbols. ;TI"IBugs in 2.2.0: +send+ and +__send__+ also created immortal symbols, ;TI"Gand calling methods with keyword arguments could also create some.;T@
o;
;[	I"KDon't create immortal symbols from user inputs. Otherwise, this would ;TI"Rallow a user to mount a denial of service attack against your application by ;TI"Sflooding it with unique strings, which will cause memory to grow indefinitely ;TI"Muntil the Ruby process is killed or causes the system to slow to a halt.;T@
o;
;[I"TWhile it might not be a good idea to call these with user inputs, methods that ;TI"<used to be vulnerable such as +to_sym+, +respond_to?+, ;TI"Q+method+, +instance_variable_get+, +const_get+, etc. are no longer a threat.;T@
S;	;
i;I"Regular expressions;T@
o;
;[	I"RRuby's regular expression syntax has some minor differences when compared to ;TI"Tother languages. In Ruby, the <code>^</code> and <code>$</code> anchors do not ;TI"Urefer to the beginning and end of the string, rather the beginning and end of a ;TI"*line*.;T@
o;
;[	I"?This means that if you're using a regular expression like ;TI"S<code>/^[a-z]+$/</code> to restrict a string to only letters, an attacker can ;TI"Ubypass this check by passing a string containing a letter, then a newline, then ;TI""any string of their choosing.;T@
o;
;[I"RIf you want to match the beginning and end of the entire string in Ruby, use ;TI"the anchors +\A+ and +\z+.;T@
S;	;
i;I"+eval+;T@
o;
;[I"=Never pass untrusted or user controlled input to +eval+.;T@
o;
;[	I"NUnless you are implementing a REPL like +irb+ or +pry+, +eval+ is almost ;TI"Ucertainly not what you want. Do not attempt to filter user input before passing ;TI"Sit to +eval+ - this approach is fraught with danger and will most likely open ;TI"Jyour application up to a serious remote code execution vulnerability.;T@
S;	;
i;I"+send+;T@
o;
;[I"U'Global functions' in Ruby (+puts+, +exit+, etc.) are actually private instance ;TI"Qmethods on +Object+. This means it is possible to invoke these methods with ;TI"A+send+, even if the call to +send+ has an explicit receiver.;T@
o;
;[I"RFor example, the following code snippet writes "Hello world" to the terminal:;T@
o;;[I""1.send(:puts, "Hello world")
;T;0o;
;[I"SYou should never call +send+ with user supplied input as the first parameter. ;TI">Doing so can introduce a denial of service vulnerability:;T@
o;;[I"6foo.send(params[:bar]) # params[:bar] is "exit!"
;T;0o;
;[I"OIf an attacker can control the first two arguments to +send+, remote code ;TI"execution is possible:;T@
o;;[I"J# params is { :a => "eval", :b => "...ruby code to be executed..." }
;TI"&foo.send(params[:a], params[:b])
;T;0o;
;[I"SWhen dispatching a method call based on user input, carefully verify that the ;TI"Qmethod name. If possible, check it against a whitelist of safe method names.;T@
o;
;[I"ONote that the use of +public_send+ is also dangerous, as +send+ itself is ;TI"public:;T@
o;;[I"E1.public_send("send", "eval", "...ruby code to be executed...")
;T;0S;	;
i;I"DRb;T@
o;
;[I"UAs DRb allows remote clients to invoke arbitrary methods, it is not suitable to ;TI"!expose to untrusted clients.;T@
o;
;[I"TWhen using DRb, try to avoid exposing it over the network if possible. If this ;TI"Uisn't possible and you need to expose DRb to the world, you *must* configure an ;TI"<appropriate security policy with <code>DRb::ACL</code>.;T:
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